Decades of CPR leadership have enhanced AHA's lifesaving mission
In 1960, 三位医生将口对口呼吸与胸部按压相结合,创造了心肺复苏, the lifesaving actions we now call CPR. Since then, 美国心脏协会一直在努力确保医护人员和公众了解最新的复苏科学,同时也在倡导关键的政策和制度变革.
That decades-long effort has been full of challenges — for example, 如何确保越来越多的外行接受过培训,并愿意为有需要的人提供有效的心肺复苏术, 以及如何培训医护人员持续提供最高质量的复苏.
Last year the AHA launched a new national CPR campaign, Nation of Lifesavers, to turn bystanders into lifesavers. The campaign has ambitious goals, including doubling the rate of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from 9% to 20% by 2030, and increasing the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public settings. 如果在心脏骤停的前两分钟内使用aed,可以通过电击来纠正异常的心律,并将生存率提高70%.
“全国救生员运动已经建立了相当大的势头,并开始对人们的生活产生影响 willingness to perform CPR in an emergency," said Tammy Gregory, the AHA's executive vice president of Healthcare Business Solutions. "AHA is the strongest when we can all rally behind a cause."
到2030年,其他目标包括将非专业人员对心脏骤停进行心肺复苏的比率从目前的40%提高到50%以上.确保100%的心脏骤停患者在一分钟内接受高质量的心肺复苏术,并在两分钟内接受AED治疗.
Key partnerships, critical progress
Each year in the U.S. more than 350,000人患有院外心脏骤停,即心脏突然停止工作. About 90% do not survive. Survival is particularly low among rural, low-income, Black, Hispanic and some Asian communities, and in women.
A person in cardiac arrest has just 600 seconds before death becomes irreversible, but immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival. Training, and especially recent training, increases people's willingness to act.
美国心脏协会早期参与心肺复苏术和技能培训始于几十年前,与莱尔达尔医疗公司的战略联盟一直持续到今天. The former toy and book publishing company created Resusci Anne, the world's first CPR training manikin, 1960年,公司老板阿斯蒙德·莱尔达尔救活了自己差点淹死的蹒跚学步的儿子.
In 1963, 美国心脏协会认可了心肺复苏术,并成立了一个心肺复苏术委员会,作为将心肺复苏术正式确立为一门科学的一步. Then, in 1975, it published its first Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support textbook, paving the way for its CPR trainings and courses. 今天,美国心脏协会还通过国际复苏联络委员会与全球团体合作进行最新的研究.
This year, as the American Heart Association celebrates its centennial, it is the global leader in CPR and emergency cardiovascular care education, delivering training in over 4,000 training centers in more than 100 countries. In all, over 20 million people worldwide every year learn CPR through the AHA. In the U.S., around 90% of health care providers have received AHA training.
CPR for all
Meanwhile, the AHA has also continued to vastly increase CPR accessibility.
While experts note that the best CPR is still CPR with rescue breaths, the 2008 science-backed birth of Hands-Only CPR — chest compressions without rescue breaths — marked a shift in accessibility, meaning more people would be willing and able to be rescuers, said Liz McKnight, a senior director of product marketing for the AHA's Emergency Cardiovascular Care department. In 2012, 美国心脏协会发起了一项运动,以提高人们对手工心肺复苏的认识,以减少障碍,增加人们在紧急情况下实施心肺复苏的可能性.
Innovative approaches to training have been key in increasing CPR accessibility. In 2005, the AHA launched its Adult & Child CPR Anytime® Kit, which people can use to learn CPR skills from home. Most recently, the association introduced an award-winning Hands-Only CPR virtual reality experience through Meta Quest.
The association is working to close CPR disparity gaps, too. "Women and people of color are much less likely to receive CPR," McKnight said.
部分解决办法是在培训和宣传材料中经常看到这些群体. Over the past two years the AHA started several new campaigns to do just that, including the Today You Were Ready campaign featuring Asian American Pacific Islanders, and Heroes Saving Hearts campaign on Latinas. 该组织还动员起来,增加农村和低收入社区获得心肺复苏术培训和AED设备的机会.
Expanding community reach
The American Heart Association has set out to help increase support for first responders, too. 它正在努力确保全国各地的EMS系统都有T-CPR——当EMS操作员接受培训,通过CPR与非专业急救人员交谈——在一分钟内提供100%的相关病例.
In schools, the AHA has been active as well. It helped to solidify legislation in 40 states plus Washington, D.C.在美国,强制要求高中毕业必须进行心肺复苏术,并正在其他州开展工作. A 2023 scientific review showed children as young as 10 are ready to be CPR trained, while those as young as 4 can play a part, too. The AHA regularly updates its CPR guidance to reflect new scientific research.
The AHA's relationship with Buffalo Bills player Damar Hamlin, whose heart stopped during a game and who was revived on the field, and NFL-founded Smart Heart Sports Coalition, 是否有助于确保高中有资金制定针对心脏紧急情况的体育应急行动计划, plus AEDs available at athletic venues, and CPR-and AED-trained coaches.
"Damar Hamlin's event really put CPR on the map again for everybody," Gregory said. The AHA-backed Access to AEDs Act, which Hamlin spoke in support of in Washington, D.C.该法案将授权联邦资金购买AED,并在学校提供心肺复苏术和AED培训. In addition, the Cardiomyopathy Health Education, Awareness, 《沙巴体育平台点击进入》将有助于确保学生和学校工作人员做好应对心脏紧急情况的准备.
To date seven states require schools to have cardiac emergency plans, and 17 states require these plans for school athletic facilities and events.
A new training schedule
Finally, 美国心脏协会在帮助改进卫生保健专业人员接受培训的方式方面发挥了重要作用. In 2015, in collaboration with Laerdal, the AHA introduced Resuscitation Quality Improvement® (RQI®), 这是一个有研究支持的数字心肺复苏术培训项目,通过该项目,医疗保健专业人员可以参与低剂量的心肺复苏术, 每季度进行一次高频心肺复苏培训,而不是每两年进行一次. 数据显示,更频繁的培训可以帮助专业人员提高他们进行高质量心肺复苏术的能力和信心,这是心脏骤停生存的基石.
"That was a huge shift in quality improvement for providers," McKnight said.
目前,全球有300多万卫生保健专业人员参加了美国心脏协会的数字复苏培训计划, including RQI. “RQI是一项创新,已被证明不仅可以提高心肺复苏的质量,还可以提高心脏骤停患者的住院死亡率, but also can save hospitals money," as off-site training expenses drop, Gregory said.
格雷戈里和麦克奈特希望美国心脏协会继续发挥其全球领导作用,推动诸如此类的创新,以提高心脏骤停的存活率. "I see the AHA continuing to make CPR and AED use even more accessible, equitable and consistent," McKnight said.